Egypt

In the reign of the black pharaohs

Al Ahram Weekly (Mohamed El-Hebeishy)

Our great grandfathers called it Ta-Seti, Land of the Bow. They were referring to the area south of the First Cataract at Aswan, and the reason behind the name was the unparalleled skill its inhabitants demonstrated when using the bow as a method of arm. Those excellent bowmen were actually the Kushites.

At first, Egyptians, as back as the First Dynasty, would send expeditions to the area in pursuit of slaves as well as the exploration of new sites where copper and gold could be mined. Egyptian influence grew and by the Middle Kingdom, a series of strongholds and fortresses controlled the Nile at the Second Cataract. Their influence over the area grew further through the New Kingdom; Pharaoh Tuthmoses III marched as far south as the Fifth Cataract. But change is a question of time, and by the end of the New Kingdom, Kush began to rise.

Historians have universally agreed that King Alara unified Upper Nubia around 780 BC, declaring Napata (near Jabal Barrkal, Karima, North Sudan) the capital. The job was completed by his successor King Kashata when Lower Nubia joined the crown. Nubia had been united and Kashata claimed for himself the title Pharaoh. But that was not the end of it; following suit was Pharaoh Piye, better known in history as Pharaoh Piankhy, conqueror of Thebes and founder of Egypt's 25th Dynasty, the dynasty of the Black Pharaohs.

- Online Resource: Jebel Barkal
jebelbarkal.org An excellent resource for Jebel Barkal (Sudan), with lovely photographs of the site and area. Here's a short exerpt from the introduction: Jebel Barkal (“Mt. Barkal”) (var. Gebel Barkal, Gebel el-Barkal, and in some early sources...

- From Brief Limelight To Obscurity
Al-Ahram Weekly Technology and archaeology are at odds again. The Meroe High Dam, otherwise known as the Multi-Purpose Hydro Project or Hamdab Dam, is well underway -- and the archaeological remains of the ancient African kingdom of Meroe which developed...

- Snap Shot: Sites That The High Dam Put Under Threat
Al Ahram Weekly (Mohamed El-Hebeishy) El-Hebeishy lists the main sites that were put under threat by the Aswan High Dam, and shows a photograph of one of the beautiful painted scenes which was salvaged from Buhen, which is now under the waters of the...

- New Gold Processing Centre On Middle Nile
Archaeologists Discover Gold Processing Center On The Nile Archaeologists from the University of Chicago have discovered a gold processing center along the middle Nile, an installation that produced the precious metal sometime between 2000 and 1500 B.C....

- Nubia's Black Pharaohs
http://www.discover.com/issues/dec-05/features/nubia-black-pharaohs/The full article is available only to Discover subscribers, but the following teaser appars on their article (to see the full teaser click on the link above).:"Striding toward an excavation...

Egypt